Madrid

	Spain
	40.47 ° N 3.55 ° W
	1909 ft
	Warm temperate thorn steppe

BSk

Cold semi-arid climate

DOak

Temperate oceanic climate with hot summer with cool winter

Traditional Koppen classification: BSk (Cold semi-arid climate)

Official definition:

B – 70 % or more of the total annual rainfall is during the summer half of the year and r (r = average total annual precipitation in mm) is less than 20t + 280 (t = average annual temperature in °C), or 70 % or more of total annual precipitation is during the winter half of the year and r is less than 20t, or no half of the year has less than 70 % of total annual rainfall and r less than 20t + 140. Summer half of the year in the Northern hemisphere is from April to September, on the Southern hemisphere from October to March.
S – r is less than the upper limit of B type classification parameter
k - t is less than 18 °C

Cold semi-arid climate is most commonly found in the temperate zone inland, relatively far from the ocean. Although the summers are warm, they are substantially colder than in the case of the hot semi-arid climate type (BSh). The difference can be seen particularly during the winter, when temperatures can drop quite low. The daily temperature amplitude is quite high and the differences between day and night can be more than 20 °C.

Regions with this type of climate, which are at higher altitudes tend to have drier winters and wetter summers, while for areas at lower elevation, it is the opposite – drier summers and wetter winters.

Most often one can see this climate type in Asia and North America, but it also includes for example some regions in Spain, parts of South America, Southern Australia and New Zealand.

Modern Trewartha classification: DOak (Temperate oceanic climate with hot summer with cool winter)

In the Trewartha classification, the category D is like in the Koppen classification, assigned to regions in the temperate zone. The criterion for this type of climate is four to seven months with average temperature of more than 10 °C. In general it is further subdivided into two subtypes: oceanic and continental. These differ in their average temperature of the coldest month.

Temperate climate is characterized by four distinct seasons and there are substantial differences between the temperatures in the summer and in the winter, but the absolute values are not so extreme and the change is gradual.

In case of the oceanic type, winter is milder than that of the continental type and the temperature of the coldest month usually above 0 °C. The weather conditions are to a large extent influenced by the nearby ocean, which causes smaller temperature variation between the individual seasons. Typical is Western wind and so we often find this type of climate on Western coasts of continents, such as for example in Western Europe or Western coast of the U.S., in latitudes between 40 and 60 ° in America and 40 and 65 ° in Europe. These regions tend to be densely inhabited.

hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
cool winter: coldest month with average temperature between 0 and 10 °C

Summary

57 °F
44 / 69

16.3 in
84 days

62 %

7 h 58 min/day

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)	32.0	34.0	37.0	39.0	46.0	54.0	59.0	59.0	54.0	46.0	37.0	34.0	44.0
Avg Temperature(°F)	42.0	45.0	49.0	53.0	60.0	69.0	76.0	75.0	69.0	58.0	48.0	43.0	57.0
Max Temperature (°F)	50.0	52.0	61.0	66.0	73.0	82.0	91.0	88.0	81.0	68.0	57.0	52.0	69.0
Range	18.0	18.0	24.0	27.0	27.0	28.0	32.0	29.0	27.0	22.0	20.0	18.0	25.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Min Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan	27.0°F
Avg Temperature	Jul	Jan	34.0°F
Max Temperature	Jul	Jan	41.0°F
Temperature range	Jul	Jan, Feb, Dec	59.0°F

													Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Min Temperature	46.0	37.0	40.67	9.0	59.0	54.0	57.33	5.0	54.0	37.0	45.67	17.0	34.0	32.0	33.33	2.0
Avg Temperature	60.0	49.0	54.00	11.0	76.0	69.0	73.33	7.0	69.0	48.0	58.33	21.0	45.0	42.0	43.33	3.0
Max Temperature	73.0	61.0	66.67	12.0	91.0	82.0	87.00	9.0	81.0	57.0	68.67	24.0	52.0	50.0	51.33	2.0

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)	42.0	45.0	49.0	53.0	60.0	69.0	76.0	75.0	69.0	58.0	48.0	43.0	57.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Temperature	Jul	Jan	34.0°F

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Temperature	60.0	49.0	54.00	11.0	76.0	69.0	73.33	7.0	69.0	48.0	58.33	21.0	45.0	42.0	43.33	3.0

Humidity

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)	77.0	69.0	65.0	58.0	57.0	51.0	42.0	44.0	56.0	68.0	75.0	79.0	57.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Humidity	Dec	Jul	37.0%

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Humidity	65.0	57.0	60.00	8.0	51.0	42.0	45.67	9.0	75.0	56.0	66.33	19.0	79.0	69.0	75.00	10.0

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.7	1.8	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.0	0.4	0.4	1.1	1.5	2.3	1.7	1.4	16.3
Wetdays	7	6	10	9	9	6	2	3	6	8	9	9	7	84
Wetdays ratio (%)	22.6 7,24	21.4 6,22	32.3 10,21	30.0 9,21	29.0 9,22	20.0 6,24	6.5 2,29	9.7 3,28	20.0 6,24	25.8 8,23	30.0 9,21	29.0 9,22	23.0 23.0137,76.9863

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Nov	Jul, Aug	Winter	Summer	2.0in
Wetdays	Mar	Jul	Autumn	Summer	8

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.8	1.2	0.6	4.5	1.0	0.4	0.7	1.7	2.3	1.1	1.2	4.9	1.8	1.7	0.1	5.2
Wetdays	10	9	1	28	6	2	4	11	58	6	52	112	9	6	3	22

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.7	1.8	1.2	1.8	1.5	1.0	0.4	0.4	1.1	1.5	2.3	1.7	1.4	16.3

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Nov	Jul, Aug	Winter	Summer	2.0in

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	1.8	1.2	0.6	4.5	1.0	0.4	0.7	1.7	2.3	1.1	1.2	4.9	1.8	1.7	0.1	5.2

Sunlight / Day length

			Max day length	Min day length	Sunlight/Day length
Jan	303 min 5 h 3 min	578 min 9 h 38 min 578,862	604 min 10 h 4 min (31.1.) 604,836	559 min 9 h 19 min (1.1.) 559,881	52.4 % 303,275
Feb	382 min 6 h 22 min	640 min 10 h 40 min 640,800	675 min 11 h 15 min (29.2.) 675,765	606 min 10 h 6 min (1.2.) 606,834	59.7 % 382,258
Mar	418 min 6 h 58 min	718 min 11 h 58 min 718,722	758 min 12 h 38 min (31.3.) 758,682	678 min 11 h 18 min (1.3.) 678,762	58.2 % 418,300
Apr	514 min 8 h 34 min	799 min 13 h 19 min 799,641	834 min 13 h 54 min (30.4.) 834,606	761 min 12 h 41 min (1.4.) 761,679	64.4 % 514,285
May	563 min 9 h 23 min	866 min 14 h 26 min 866,574	891 min 14 h 51 min (31.5.) 891,549	837 min 13 h 57 min (1.5.) 837,603	65.0 % 563,303
Jun	668 min 11 h 8 min	900 min 15 h 0 min 900,540	903 min 15 h 3 min (20.6.) 903,537	892 min 14 h 52 min (1.6.) 892,548	74.2 % 668,232
Jul	749 min 12 h 29 min	882 min 14 h 42 min 882,558	900 min 14 h 60 min (1.7.) 900,540	858 min 14 h 18 min (31.7.) 858,582	84.9 % 749,133
Aug	681 min 11 h 21 min	822 min 13 h 42 min 822,618	856 min 14 h 16 min (1.8.) 856,584	786 min 13 h 6 min (31.8.) 786,654	82.8 % 681,141
Sep	514 min 8 h 34 min	745 min 12 h 25 min 745,695	783 min 13 h 3 min (1.9.) 783,657	707 min 11 h 47 min (30.9.) 707,733	69.0 % 514,231
Oct	394 min 6 h 34 min	665 min 11 h 5 min 665,775	704 min 11 h 44 min (1.10.) 704,736	628 min 10 h 28 min (31.10.) 628,812	59.2 % 394,271
Nov	282 min 4 h 42 min	595 min 9 h 55 min 595,845	625 min 10 h 25 min (1.11.) 625,815	570 min 9 h 30 min (30.11.) 570,870	47.4 % 282,313
Dec	259 min 4 h 19 min	559 min 9 h 19 min 559,881	569 min 9 h 29 min (1.12.) 569,871	556 min 9 h 16 min (21.12.) 556,884	46.3 % 259,300
Year	517 min 8 h 37 min	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	903 min 15 h 3 min (20. 6.) 903,537	556 min 9 h 16 min (21. 12.) 556,884	70.7 % 517,214

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day
(min/day)	563	418	498	62.7% 498,296	749	668	699	80.6% 699,169	514	282	397	59.3% 397,272	382	259	315	53.2% 315,277
Day length	891	678	794	62.7% 498,296	903	786	868	80.6% 699,169	783	570	669	59.3% 397,272	675	556	591	53.2% 315,277

Day length

		Max day length	Min day length
Jan	578 min 9 h 38 min 578,862	604 min 10 h 4 min (Array.1.) 604,836	559 min 9 h 19 min (1.1.) 559,881
Feb	640 min 10 h 40 min 640,800	675 min 11 h 15 min (Array.2.) 675,765	606 min 10 h 6 min (1.2.) 606,834
Mar	718 min 11 h 58 min 718,722	758 min 12 h 38 min (Array.3.) 758,682	678 min 11 h 18 min (1.3.) 678,762
Apr	799 min 13 h 19 min 799,641	834 min 13 h 54 min (Array.4.) 834,606	761 min 12 h 41 min (1.4.) 761,679
May	866 min 14 h 26 min 866,574	891 min 14 h 51 min (Array.5.) 891,549	837 min 13 h 57 min (1.5.) 837,603
Jun	900 min 15 h 0 min 900,540	903 min 15 h 3 min (Array.6.) 903,537	892 min 14 h 52 min (1.6.) 892,548
Jul	882 min 14 h 42 min 882,558	900 min 14 h 60 min (Array.7.) 900,540	858 min 14 h 18 min (31.7.) 858,582
Aug	822 min 13 h 42 min 822,618	856 min 14 h 16 min (Array.8.) 856,584	786 min 13 h 6 min (31.8.) 786,654
Sep	745 min 12 h 25 min 745,695	783 min 13 h 3 min (Array.9.) 783,657	707 min 11 h 47 min (30.9.) 707,733
Oct	665 min 11 h 5 min 665,775	704 min 11 h 44 min (Array.10.) 704,736	628 min 10 h 28 min (31.10.) 628,812
Nov	595 min 9 h 55 min 595,845	625 min 10 h 25 min (Array.11.) 625,815	570 min 9 h 30 min (30.11.) 570,870
Dec	559 min 9 h 19 min 559,881	569 min 9 h 29 min (Array.12.) 569,871	556 min 9 h 16 min (21.12.) 556,884
Year	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	903 min 15 h 3 min (21. 6.) 903,537	556 min 9 h 16 min (22. 12.) 556,884

	Mar, Apr, May			Jun, Jul, Aug			Sep, Oct, Nov			Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average
Day length	891	678	794	903	786	868	783	570	669	675	556	591

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