Cordoba

	Spain
	37.85 ° N 4.85 ° W
	302 ft
	Subtropical dry forest

Csa

Hot-summer Mediterranean climate

Csak

Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with cool winter

Traditional Koppen classification: Csa (Hot-summer Mediterranean climate)

Official definition:

C – temperature of warmest month greater than or equal to 10 °C and temperature of coldest month less than 18 °C, but higher than -3 °C
s – precipitation in the driest month during the summer half year is less than 30 mm and less than one third of the precipitation in the month with highest precipitation in the winter half year.
a - temperature of the warmest month is higher than 22 °C

Cs climate type is characterized by a dry summer and wet winter. In the case of the Csa subtype, the summer tends to be very warm. The average temperature of the warmest month is above 22 °C. The wettest month in the winter usually has three times as much precipitation than the driest month in the summer, which usually has less than 30 mm of rainfall. Summers are therefore quite dry, with relatively little cloudiness and often longer periods with no rain at all. Winters on the other hand are wet and very rarely it snows as well.

Temperatures in the summer reach very high values between 30 and 40 °C. In the winter it is very unusual for the temperatures to fall below freezing point.

The continental Mediterranean climate (Csa) is sometimes also referred to as hot Mediterranean climate. The higher temperatures are the result of the fact that the places are usually deeper inland. The Csa subtype is more common than the other Cs climates and usually represents what most people imagine under the term “Mediterranean climate”.

It can be found for example around the Mediterranean sea in Europe, in Southwest Australia, Southwestern part of South Africa, some parts in Central Asia and in Northern California. Other places also include some microregions such as the Spanish capital Madrid, Italian Rome, American Los Angeles or Perth in Australia.

Modern Trewartha classification: Csak (Subtropical climate with dry summer with hot summer with cool winter)

Subtropical in the Koppen and Trewartha classification is defined as a region, where at least eight months has an average temperature of more than 10 °C, but the coldest month has an average temperature of less than 18 °C. The individual subtypes then differ in their annual precipitation distribution. In Trewartha classification there is a condition of maximum annual precipitation of 900 mm.

In general the subtropical climate is usually found in areas polewards from the tropical zones. It can also be found inside tropical zones at places with higher altitude. Typical are for example citrus trees or palm trees.

The Cs subtype in the Trewartha classification represents a subtropical climate with dry summer, sometimes referred to as the Mediterranean climate. It is characterized by hot and dry summers and mild winters, during which most of the precipitation is observed. High pressure is the dominating factor in the summer, when precipitation is very small and if there is some, it is usually in the form of very short, but intense thunderstorms. In the winter it can sometimes snow, especially at higher altitudes, but in general the winters are mild.

This climate type is most common in western coasts of continents in the middle latitudes, for example it includes areas on the West coast of the U.S. such as California, Southern Europe or Southwest tip of Australia.

hot summer: warmest month with average temperature between 23 and 28 °C
cool winter: coldest month with average temperature between 0 and 10 °C

Summary

64 °F
-17966 / -17966

23.9 in

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0
Avg Temperature(°F)	49.0	52.0	56.0	59.0	67.0	74.0	80.0	80.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	49.0	64.0
Max Temperature (°F)	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.0
Range	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Min Temperature	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0.0°F
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan, Dec	31.0°F
Max Temperature	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0.0°F
Temperature range	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0.0°F

													Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Min Temperature(°F)
Avg Temperature(°F)
Max Temperature(°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Min Temperature	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.00	0.0	-17,966.0	-17,966.0	-17,966.00	0.0	-17,966.0	-17,966.0	-17,966.00	0.0	-17,966.0	-17,966.0	-17,966.00	0.0
Avg Temperature	67.0	56.0	60.67	11.0	80.0	74.0	78.00	6.0	75.0	55.0	65.00	20.0	52.0	49.0	50.00	3.0
Max Temperature	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.00	0.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.00	0.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.00	0.0	-17966.0	-17966.0	-17966.00	0.0

Temperature

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)	49.0	52.0	56.0	59.0	67.0	74.0	80.0	80.0	75.0	65.0	55.0	49.0	64.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Temperature	Jul, Aug	Jan, Dec	31.0°F

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Temperature (°F)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Temperature	67.0	56.0	60.67	11.0	80.0	74.0	78.00	6.0	75.0	55.0	65.00	20.0	52.0	49.0	50.00	3.0

Humidity

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	64.0

	Max month	Min month	Annual range
Avg Humidity	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0.0%

	Month												Average
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average
Avg Humidity (%)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range	Max	Min	Average	Range
Avg Humidity	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.00	0.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.00	0.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.00	0.0	-9999.0	-9999.0	-9999.00	0.0

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	3.2	3.1	2.2	2.5	1.2	0.8	0.2	0.1	1.0	2.7	3.5	3.3	2.0	23.9
Wetdays	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-9999	-119988
Wetdays ratio (%)	-32254.8 -9999,10030	-35710.7 -9999,10027	-32254.8 -9999,10030	-33330.0 -9999,10029	-32254.8 -9999,10030	-33330.0 -9999,10029	-32254.8 -9999,10030	-32254.8 -9999,10030	-33330.0 -9999,10029	-32254.8 -9999,10030	-33330.0 -9999,10029	-32254.8 -9999,10030	-32873.4 -32873.4,32973.4

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Nov	Aug	Winter	Summer	3.3in
Wetdays	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	0, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec	Autumn	Spring, Summer, Winter	0

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)
Wetdays / month

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	2.5	1.2	1.3	5.9	0.8	0.1	0.7	1.1	3.5	1.0	2.4	7.2	3.3	3.1	0.2	9.7
Wetdays	-9999	-9999	0	-29997	-9999	-9999	0	-29997	65	-9999	10064	-9879	-9999	-9999	0	-29997

Precipitation

	Month												Monthly average	Annual total
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Monthly average	Annual total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	3.2	3.1	2.2	2.5	1.2	0.8	0.2	0.1	1.0	2.7	3.5	3.3	2.0	23.9

	Max month	Min month	Max Season	Min Season	Annual range
Average monthly precipitation	Nov	Aug	Winter	Summer	3.3in

	Month
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
Average monthly precipitation (in)

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total	Max	Min	Range	Total
Average monthly precipitation (in)	2.5	1.2	1.3	5.9	0.8	0.1	0.7	1.1	3.5	1.0	2.4	7.2	3.3	3.1	0.2	9.7

Sunlight / Day length

			Max day length	Min day length	Sunlight/Day length
Jan	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	592 min 9 h 52 min 592,848	615 min 10 h 15 min (31.1.) 615,825	575 min 9 h 35 min (1.1.) 575,865	-1689.6 % -9999,10591
Feb	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	648 min 10 h 48 min 648,792	680 min 11 h 20 min (29.2.) 680,760	617 min 10 h 17 min (1.2.) 617,823	-1544.2 % -9999,10647
Mar	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	719 min 11 h 59 min 719,721	755 min 12 h 35 min (31.3.) 755,685	682 min 11 h 22 min (1.3.) 682,758	-1391.1 % -9999,10718
Apr	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	792 min 13 h 12 min 792,648	824 min 13 h 44 min (30.4.) 824,616	758 min 12 h 38 min (1.4.) 758,682	-1262.7 % -9999,10791
May	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	853 min 14 h 13 min 853,587	875 min 14 h 35 min (31.5.) 875,565	826 min 13 h 46 min (1.5.) 826,614	-1171.8 % -9999,10852
Jun	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	884 min 14 h 44 min 884,556	886 min 14 h 46 min (20.6.) 886,554	876 min 14 h 36 min (1.6.) 876,564	-1131.4 % -9999,10883
Jul	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	868 min 14 h 28 min 868,572	883 min 14 h 43 min (1.7.) 883,557	846 min 14 h 6 min (31.7.) 846,594	-1152.4 % -9999,10867
Aug	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	813 min 13 h 33 min 813,627	844 min 14 h 4 min (1.8.) 844,596	780 min 13 h 0 min (31.8.) 780,660	-1229.2 % -9999,10812
Sep	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	744 min 12 h 24 min 744,696	778 min 12 h 58 min (1.9.) 778,662	709 min 11 h 49 min (30.9.) 709,731	-1344.8 % -9999,10743
Oct	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	671 min 11 h 11 min 671,769	706 min 11 h 46 min (1.10.) 706,734	637 min 10 h 37 min (31.10.) 637,803	-1490.8 % -9999,10670
Nov	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	607 min 10 h 7 min 607,833	634 min 10 h 34 min (1.11.) 634,806	584 min 9 h 44 min (30.11.) 584,856	-1647.0 % -9999,10606
Dec	-9999 min -167 h 21 min	575 min 9 h 35 min 575,865	583 min 9 h 43 min (1.12.) 583,857	572 min 9 h 32 min (20.12.) 572,868	-1740.1 % -9999,10574
Year	-10832 min -181 h 28 min	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	886 min 14 h 46 min (19. 6.) 886,554	572 min 9 h 32 min (19. 12.) 572,868	-1482.8 % -10832,11563

	Mar, Apr, May				Jun, Jul, Aug				Sep, Oct, Nov				Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day	Max	Min	Average	Sunlight/day
(min/day)	-9999	-9999	-9999	-1269.0% -9999,10787	-9999	-9999	-9999	-1169.9% -9999,10854	-9999	-9999	-9,999	-1484.1% -9999,10673	-9999	-9999	-9999	-1656.3% -9999,10603
Day length	875	682	788	-1269.0% -9999,10787	886	780	855	-1169.9% -9999,10854	778	584	674	-1484.1% -9999,10673	680	572	604	-1656.3% -9999,10603

Day length

		Max day length	Min day length
Jan	592 min 9 h 52 min 592,848	615 min 10 h 15 min (Array.1.) 615,825	575 min 9 h 35 min (1.1.) 575,865
Feb	648 min 10 h 48 min 648,792	680 min 11 h 20 min (Array.2.) 680,760	617 min 10 h 17 min (1.2.) 617,823
Mar	719 min 11 h 59 min 719,721	755 min 12 h 35 min (Array.3.) 755,685	682 min 11 h 22 min (1.3.) 682,758
Apr	792 min 13 h 12 min 792,648	824 min 13 h 44 min (Array.4.) 824,616	758 min 12 h 38 min (1.4.) 758,682
May	853 min 14 h 13 min 853,587	875 min 14 h 35 min (Array.5.) 875,565	826 min 13 h 46 min (1.5.) 826,614
Jun	884 min 14 h 44 min 884,556	886 min 14 h 46 min (Array.6.) 886,554	876 min 14 h 36 min (1.6.) 876,564
Jul	868 min 14 h 28 min 868,572	883 min 14 h 43 min (Array.7.) 883,557	846 min 14 h 6 min (31.7.) 846,594
Aug	813 min 13 h 33 min 813,627	844 min 14 h 4 min (Array.8.) 844,596	780 min 13 h 0 min (31.8.) 780,660
Sep	744 min 12 h 24 min 744,696	778 min 12 h 58 min (Array.9.) 778,662	709 min 11 h 49 min (30.9.) 709,731
Oct	671 min 11 h 11 min 671,769	706 min 11 h 46 min (Array.10.) 706,734	637 min 10 h 37 min (31.10.) 637,803
Nov	607 min 10 h 7 min 607,833	634 min 10 h 34 min (Array.11.) 634,806	584 min 9 h 44 min (30.11.) 584,856
Dec	575 min 9 h 35 min 575,865	583 min 9 h 43 min (Array.12.) 583,857	572 min 9 h 32 min (20.12.) 572,868
Year	731 min 12 h 11 min 731,709	886 min 14 h 46 min (21. 6.) 886,554	572 min 9 h 32 min (21. 12.) 572,868

	Mar, Apr, May			Jun, Jul, Aug			Sep, Oct, Nov			Dec, Jan, Feb
	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average	Max	Min	Average
Day length	875	682	788	886	780	855	778	584	674	680	572	604

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